ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN SOIL COLLECTED FROM THREE SELECTED RIVERS IN ILORIN

Heavy metal contamination of soils is a significant environmental concern globally, often linked to rapid urbanization, industrial development, and agricultural practices. This study aimed to assess the concentration of heavy metals (zinc, chromium, cadmium, manganese and lead) in soil samples collected from three selected rivers in Ilorin. The research focused on determining the spatial distribution of these metals, quantifying their concentrations, and evaluating the associated environmental and health risks. Soil samples were collected, air-dried, sieved, and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations using standard methods. The results revealed that the pH values ranged from 6.7 to 7.7, indicating neutral conditions. Electrical conductivity varied significantly, with a minimum of 4.07 µS/cm and a maximum of 23.20 µS/cm, suggesting a wide range of ionic activity. The total organic carbon content ranged from 0.538% to 3.970%, reflecting variability in organic content across the samples. Organic matter content varied from 0.93% to 6.83%. The analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed significant variability in lead (mean = 0.741 mg/l, p = 0.001) and chromium (mean = 0.043 mg/l, p = 0.047) across the samples, indicating localized contamination, potentially from industrial activities and improper waste disposal. Zinc, cadmium, and magnesium showed more uniform concentrations, suggesting a more widespread environmental source or natural distribution. These findings highlight the need for targeted soil management strategies to address specific issues such as salinity and heavy metal pollution. Remediation efforts, including phytoremediation and soil washing, are recommended for areas with elevated lead and chromium levels. Additionally, sustainable land use practices and continuous monitoring are essential to prevent further contamination and ensure soil health.