SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENISED HYDROXYAPATITE (NPR-GO HAP) FROM CRAYFISH WASTE FOR REMOVAL OF TOXIC METAL FROM WASTE WATER

Abstract The growing concern over toxic metal contamination in wastewater has necessitated the development of efficient and sustainable remediation technologies. This project explores the synthesis and characterization of a novel composite material, graphenized hydroxyapatite (NPr-GO Hap), derived from crayfish waste, for the removal of toxic metals from wastewater. The process begins with the conversion of crayfish exoskeletons into hydroxyapatite (Hap) through a series of chemical treatments. The Hap is then functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) to enhance its adsorption properties. The resulting NPr-GO Hap is thoroughly characterized using a combination of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to confirm its structural and compositional integrity It also confirmed relevant hydroxyapatite functional group like carbonate, phosphate and hydroxyl group while XRD revealed a well crystalline Hap powder . The efficacy of NPr-GO Hap in removing toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium, from aqueous solutions is evaluated through batch adsorption experiments. The results indicate that NPr-GO Hap exhibits high adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and eco-friendly material for wastewater treatment. This project highlights the feasibility of utilizing biomass waste and advanced material synthesis in addressing environmental pollution challenges.