IMPACT OF FLOOD ON ANIMAL POPULATION AT SANDA KYARIMI ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN MAIDUGURI NIGERIA

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of the 2024 flood on the animal population at Sanda Kyarimi Zoological Garden, Maiduguri. The flood, caused by the overflow of the Ngadda River after heavy rainfall, submerged several enclosures, resulting in animal mortality, displacement, and severe infrastructural damage. A descriptive and comparative research design was used to assess changes in animal numbers before and after the disaster. Data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with zoo personnel, and analysis of official zoo records. Findings showed a significant decline in the overall animal population, reducing from 107 animals before the flood to 61 after, representing a 49.99% loss. Species such as porcupines, ostriches, antelopes, monkeys, and crocodiles experienced the highest levels of decline, while some species such as lions and hyenas recorded increases due to post-flood restocking. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index revealed a marked reduction in species diversity, indicating the ecological impact of the flood on the zoo’s captive population. The study concludes that the 2024 flood had a considerable negative effect on animal welfare, biodiversity, and zoo operations. Inadequate infrastructure, poor preparedness, and the zoo’s location within a flood-prone area contributed to the severity of losses. It is recommended that the zoo adopts flood-resilient infrastructure, strengthens emergency response plans, improves data management, engages in restocking programs, and receives stronger government support to enhance resilience against future disasters.