ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH NIGERIAN NAIRA NOTES IN CIRCULATION
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Nigerian Naira notes exchange hands frequently in daily transactions and are exposed to various environmental conditions that make them potential carriers of pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigated the isolation and identification of fungi associated with Nigerian Naira notes in circulation within selected public places in Zaria, Kaduna State. A total of different denominations of Naira notes were randomly collected from markets, motor parks, eateries, and commercial areas. Samples were aseptically swabbed and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) to isolate fungal contaminants. Fungal colonies obtained were identified based on their cultural, morphological, and microscopic characteristics. The results revealed the presence of several fungal species, including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Candida spp., and Mucor spp., with higher contamination levels observed in older, worn-out notes compared to newer ones. The findings indicate that Nigerian Naira notes serve as potential vectors for fungal transmission, posing public health risks, especially in areas with high human traffic. This study recommends improved public awareness on proper currency handling, regular replacement of damaged notes, and the adoption of electronic payment systems to reduce microbial spread.
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