SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TESTING OF HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This research focused on the laboratory-scale synthesis, characterization, and testing of glyphosate herbicide. Glyphosate was synthesized using a modified Mannich-type reaction involving glycine, formaldehyde, and phosphorous acid under acidic conditions. The product was purified and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which confirmed the presence of phosphonate, carboxyl, and amine groups. Herbicidal activity was evaluated against Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli. Results indicated high efficacy comparable to commercial glyphosate formulations, with up to 98% control at higher dosages. The study concludes that laboratory-scale glyphosate synthesis is feasible and can provide a foundation for local agrochemical innovation.
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