KILLING KINETICS OF BRIDELIA FERRUGINEA AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CANDIDA AURIS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida auris and Candida albicans, represent a growing global health threat with high mortality and limited treatment options. Bridelia ferruginea, a native African medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals, offers potential as an alternative therapy. This study investigated the antifungal efficacy and time-kill kinetics of ethanolic leaf extract of B. ferruginea against MDR C. auris and C. albicans. Extraction was carried out by maceration; while antifungal activity of the extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time-kill kinetics assays. The extract showed inhibition zones of 16.33 ± 0.33 mm against C. auris and 12.67 ± 0.33 mm against C. albicans. MIC values were 3.125 mg/mL for both species. Time-kill kinetics revealed concentration- and time-dependent fungistatic effects (
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