EFFECT OF DUST ON THE ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR PANELS

This study investigated the effect of dust on the performace of solar panels, with the aim of quantifying performance losses, understanding seasonal variations, and proposing cost-effective mitigation strategies. Field measurements were conducted over a two-week period during both the dry (Harmattan) and rainy seasons. Dust deposition on panel surfaces was quantified in mg/cm², while corresponding electrical outputs (voltage, current, and power) were recorded daily. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA to examine the relationship between dust, power performance, and seasonal differences. Results revealed a progressive increase in dust deposition over time, reaching an average of 12 mg/cm² after two weeks during the dry season. Electrical outputs declined proportionally with dust, resulting in up to a 22–30% reduction in power output. Regression analysis indicated a strong negative correlation between dust thickness and panel perfomance (r = –0.89). Seasonal comparison showed significantly higher losses in the dry season compared to the rainy season (p < 0.05), highlighting the influence of climatic conditions on PV performance. The study concludes that dust is a major factor limiting solar panel performance in semi-arid regions, with both environmental and economic implications. Regular cleaning and maintenance, particularly during the Harmattan period, were found to significantly improve performance and stabilize energy output. These findings provide localized empirical data to guide the design, deployment, and maintenance of PV systems in Maiduguri and similar semi-arid environments, ultimately supporting sustainable renewable energy adoption