BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES AND GREEN SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATIONS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MIRACLE LEAF AND ITS INFLUENCE ON DIABETES USING MOLECULAR DOCKING APPROACH
Abstract
Plants have been tremendously utilized as a source of medicine, therefore this study aimed at investigating the biochemical analyses and green synthesis characterization of Kalanchoe pinnata (miracle leaf) using its aqueous extract. The results of proximate composition revealed a nutrient-dense profile, the leaf of the plant also contained nutritionally valuable minerals while antinutrient assessment showed minimal content within the daily recommended allowance. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanol extracts showed the presence of some bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenol. The antioxidant evaluation demonstrated remarkable free radical scavenging abilities, high content of some antioxidant compounds. Antimicrobial evaluation of the aqueous extract and its synthesized nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs) and zinc (ZnNPs) against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens showed remarkable inhibitory zones. FTIR analysis of the aqueous extract also revealed the presence of some functional groups such as phenolics, carboxylic acids, and amines while UV/Visible spectrophotometric scanning displayed intensive absorption of light by the inherent chemical substances of the aqueous and synthesised nanoparticle solutions. Bioinformatics approaches identified potential molecular targets for the bioactive compounds. Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities between key phytochemicals, such as citral, β-myrcene, and geraniol, and the SLC19A3 receptor, demonstrating their potentials as therapeutic agents. Molecular interaction studies further illustrated the compatibility of these compounds with active site therapeutic potentials of the extract.
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