ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL PRESENCE IN SELECTED SACHET WATER SOLD OFF CAMPUS OF KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Access to safe drinking water remains a major challenge in Nigeria, leading many, especially students, to rely on sachet water. Concerns have risen over its potential contamination by toxic heavy metals. This study aimed to assess the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) in sachet water sold off-campus at Kwara State University. Ten samples were randomly collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), with results compared to WHO and NSDWQ standards. Cadmium was not detected in any of the samples. However, lead and arsenic exceeded permissible limits in several brands, while chromium levels remained mostly within safe limits, though one sample reached the threshold. These findings indicate significant health risks due to possible long-term exposure. In conclusion, poor regulatory oversight and inadequate treatment practices are contributing to unsafe drinking water. The study recommends stricter monitoring, improved filtration methods, and public health education.
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