ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF THE BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF MARTYNIA ANNUA LEAVES EXTRACT USING HPLC AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE BACTERIA
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to global public health. This study evaluates the antibacterial activities and HPLC analysis of the leaf extract of Martyna annua against multidrug resistance bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium and Enterobacter cloacae. Initial antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Enterococcus faecium was resistant to all tested antibiotics, while Enterobacter cloacae was also resistant to all antibiotics tested M. annua leaves extracts demonstrated variable efficacy. The methanolic extract exhibited the most substantial antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones for Enterococcus feacium. While Enterobacter cloacae also showed inhibition zones in at all tested concentration. The ethyl_ acetate extract display no inhibition zones for Enterococcus faecium at all tested concentrations, though Enterobacter cloacae display inhibition zones ranging from 16mm-22mm. The n-hexane extract demonstrated no antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium while it demonstrated activity against Enterobacter cloacae at higher concentrations (32 and 64 µg/ml), with zones of 16-17 mm, but was ineffective at lower concentrations. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests revealed that both bacteria showed no growth at 32 and 64 µg/ml for the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results displayed growth at 64 µg/ml for Enterococcus faecium and Enterobacter cloacae in ethanol and n-hexane. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, steroids, and coumarins. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin, rutin, and luteolin. The antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH assay, demonstrated notable free radical scavenging capacity, with ethanolic extract showing values ranging from 87.0813 to 90.4306% at varying concentrations (100-500 ng/ml), and ascorbic acid (reference standard) ranging from 86.4692 to 94.3155%. These findings highlight the potential of M. annua leaves extract as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The study underscores the importance of exploring plant-based therapeutic for combating (MDR) pathogens and contributes valuable insights into pharmacological potential of Martynia annua.
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