DYNAMIC ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN NIGERIA POWER GRID USING PSO & FACTS

ABSTRACT The electric power distribution system in Nigeria has consistently struggled with challenges such as voltage instability, frequent outages, and losses in power delivery. Modern techniques and technologies are being employed in the design and control of the power system. This study explores the implementation of Distributed Energy Distribution (DED) systems with the integration of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and optimization using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance voltage profile and system reliability. The research proposes a system model incorporating FACTS devices such as Static VAR Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) within a distributed network. These devices are utilized to regulate voltage and improve power factor correction. The optimization of their placement and sizing within the network is achieved using the PSO algorithm, which emulates the social behaviour of bird flocking to reach optimal solutions. Simulation and modelling were carried out using PYTHON to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The simulation results reveal a noticeable improvement in voltage regulation, reduced power losses, and enhanced overall performance of the power distribution network. The comparison between conventional systems and the PSO-optimized model demonstrates the advantage of integrating intelligent optimization and control techniques in energy systems. The study concludes that the adoption of DED systems, when combined with FACTS devices and optimized using PSO, can significantly mitigate the challenges faced by the Nigerian power distribution sector. It offers a scalable and efficient solution capable of accommodating future load growth and renewable energy integration. The findings of this research provide a strategic direction for utility companies and policymakers aiming to modernize and stabilize the national grid