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Tridax procumbens is a perennial herb that grows widely as a weed. It is used ethnomedicinally for wound healing, diarrhea and other diseases. This study aims to determine the antibacterial property of Tridax procumbens methanol leaf extract. The microscopical, macroscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the plant were carried out according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The antibacterial activity was carried out using agar disc diffusion assay. Macroscopical observation of the plant shows that the leaf is ovate to lanceolate in shape with a parallel leaf arrangement. The microscopical studies reveals presence of anomocytic stomata on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The physicochemical constants of the plant shows the moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive value and water extractive values to be 8.6, 12, 1.5, 46 and 38 percent respectively. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The antibacterial activity shows that the plant has activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 200mg/ml. The plant however has no activity against Escherichia coli at all the concentrations tested. Thus, Tridax procumbens methanolic leaf extract possess antibacterial activity against the gram positive organism S. aureus but not against gram negative E. coli.

ABSTRACT Road failure is a persistent challenge in many developing regions, leading to increased maintenance costs, transportation delays, and safety concerns. This study conducts a geophysical investigation of road failure within a section of Ekiti State University (EKSU) campus to determine the subsurface factors contributing to pavement deterioration. A geophysical approach was employed, utilizing Electrical Resistivity Methods (ERM), and 2D resistivity imaging with the Dipole-Dipole array, to assess subsurface conditions. The resistivity survey reveals variations in subsurface lithology, moisture content, and weak zones that influence road stability. Findings indicate that the primary causes of road failure in the study area include low-bearing capacity soils, high moisture content, and subsurface heterogeneities. The 2D resistivity imaging using the Dipole-Dipole array results highlight clay-rich zones with low resistivity values, suggesting high water retention and soil weakening. It also identifies subsurface fractures, voids, and structural discontinuities that contribute to pavement instability. Additionally, inadequate drainage systems exacerbate road deterioration. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating geophysical surveys in road construction and maintenance to ensure long-term durability. The results provide crucial insights for engineers, policymakers, and urban planners, stressing the need for improved drainage systems, soil stabilization techniques, and better material selection in road construction. Future research should integrate geotechnical analysis to complement geophysical findings for a

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix presents in varying stages, including squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC). Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) are commonly studied biomarkers in epithelial cancers, but their roles in distinguishing between SCCIS and ISCC remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the expression patterns of CK18 in SCC biopsy samples from Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, investigating their utility in differentiating between SCCIS and ISCC, and examining their associations with tumour grade and cell type. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 95 SCC biopsy samples, comprising 50 SCCIS and 45 ISCC cases. Immunohistochemical staining for CK18 was performed, and the positivity rates were compared across SCCIS and ISCC stages, tumour grades, and cell types. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square tests to determine the significance of differences in marker expression. CK18 positivity was observed in 80% of SCCIS and 78% of ISCC cases, indicating high expression across both stages. CK18 positivity was found in 32.4% of cases, with no significant difference between SCCIS (30.0%) and ISCC (35.6%). CK18 expression did not vary significantly with tumour grade or cell type. The findings suggest that while CK18 is consistently expressed, CK18 does not differentiate well between SCCIS and ISCC or reflect tumour grading. CK18 shows consistent expression in SCCIS and ISCC, making it a reliable marker for epithelial differentiation. However, CK18 does not effectively distinguish between SCCIS and ISCC or correlate with tumour grade. This underscores the need for additional research to identify more specific biomarkers for better characterization of SCC stages and progression. Enhanced biomarker panels and personalized treatment strategies are recommended to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

This study examines the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on industrial harmony in the Nigerian manufacturing sector, with a focus on Unilever Nigeria Plc located in Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State. The research investigates how HRM strategies—such as recruitment, training and development, performance management, compensation, and employee relations—contribute to a peaceful and productive workplace. Using a survey research design, primary data was collected from 120 respondents, and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study reveal that effective HRM practices significantly enhance industrial harmony by promoting employee satisfaction, open communication, fair treatment, and inclusive decision-making. The study also finds a positive relationship between HRM and industrial dispute resolution, although some gaps in responsiveness and transparency remain. Overall, the results underscore the critical role of strategic HRM in fostering cooperative employer-employee relationships and reducing workplace conflicts. The study concludes that organizations in the manufacturing sector can improve productivity and sustainability by aligning their HRM practices with local industrial relations contexts. Recommendations include strengthening employee engagement, ensuring fairness in HR processes, enhancing conflict resolution mechanisms, and fostering continuous dialogue between management and staff. These measures are vital for achieving long-term industrial peace and organizational growth.

ABSTRACT<br> This study examines their int erconnections in Gombe Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria<br> using a mixed- met hods approach. By integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study<br> provides a corprehensive under standi ng of these development chalenges. Findings indicate<br> that finanial exdusion rermainsa significant challenge, with only 52.9% of respondents having<br> abank acount, while 58.4% had never applied for a formal loan, nd 66.9% lacked insuran ce<br> Cover age The study also highlights multidimensional poverty, with 29.4% exper iencing food<br> insecurity, 24.2% unable to access healthcare and 198% struggling to send their chil dren to<br> school. Addit ionall y, 50.9% of respondent s perceived high inequal it y, with two-thirds believing<br> it negatively impacted their well- being. Staistica analyses revealed a negative rel ationship<br> between financial indusion and poverty, suggesting tha acoessto financial serv<br> ervices Contr ibut es<br> usion we no<br> to poverty reduct ion. Howeve, financial indusi was positively corređed with perceived<br> TITLE PAGE İ<br> inequlity, implying that those<br> h better<br> r financia acoess may also become more avare of<br> exi sting dispar ities. Structurd Equat ion Modeling (SEM) furt her confirmed that inequality<br> mediat esthe relationship bet Ween finanda indusion and poverty, under scoring the need for<br> holistic devel opment strategies The study recommends tar gted interventions t o expand<br> financial access, integr ate finanda inclusion initiađives with poverty alleviation programs, and<br> promote equitable sodo- economic polides. Strengt hening communit y engagement and<br> leveraging digital financial services could enhance financial inclusion and contribute to reducing<br> poverty and inequality in Gombe LGA.

The abstract of financial sector reforms on output growth in the manufacturing sector provides a concise summary of the impact that changes in the financial sector have on the growth of output in the manufacturing industry. It outlines how these reforms affect various aspects such as access to credit, investment patterns, technological progress, and overall economic performance within the manufacturing sector. The abstract aims to provide a high-level understanding of the relationship between financial sector reforms and output growth in the manufacturing sector. Financial sector reforms, such as liberalization and improved access to credit, have a significant influence on the growth of output in the manufacturing industry. These forms facilitate increased investment by manufacturers, leading to greater production capacity and overall economic development. By liberalizing the financial sector, government enables manufacturers to obtain loans more easily from banks and other financial institutions. This enhanced access to credit allows businesses to expand their operations, invest in new technologies, and develop innovative products. As a result, the manufacturing sector experiences higher levels of productivity and output growth. Financial sector reforms encourage efficiency improvements within the manufacturing industry. With improved access to financing, companies can invest in modern machinery, adopt technological advancements, and streamline their operations. This enhances productivity, reduces production costs, and ultimately contributes to increased output. It plays a crucial role in driving output growth in the manufacturing industry. By enabling easier access to credit, fostering technological advancements, encouraging efficiency improvements, and promoting competition among financial institutions, these reforms contribute significantly to the overall development and success of the manufacturing sector.

This study investigated the problems and prospect of teaching of computer science in Bauchi State.<br><br> Data was collected from 150 respondents comprising of 10 instructors and 140 students randomly selected from each Secondary School in Bauchi Metropolis. The analysis of data collected revealed that inadequate professionally trained teachers, inadequate computers, inadequate instructional resources, lack of motivation and incentive for teachers, lack of encouragement and motivation for the students, student apathy and indifference are problems associated with the teaching and learning of computer science education. It was recommended that computer science teachers should be given appropriate pedagogical training to provide them with the requisite knowledge needed for efficient and better performance and the relevant instructional resources and support infrastructural facilities provided to ensure effective teaching and learning of computer science education at the institution.

This achievement of junior secondary school students in the field of basic .science. The research focuses on students within Sabon Gari Local Gowrnment Area of Kaduna Slau. aiming to explore whether left-handedness has a significanl corelation with academic performance in the specific context of basic science Education ,cation. The study a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A sample of junior secondary school students will be selected from various schools in Sobon Gari local Gowrnment Area, with a particular emphasis on idemifying left-handed individuals. Academic performance data, including test scores and examination results in basic science subjects, will be collected and analyzed to discern any patterns or variations related to left-hand orientation. Additionally. qualitative data will be gathered through interviews and surveys to gain insights into the experiences of left-handed students in the learning environment. Factors such as reaching methods, classroom arrangements, and the overall adaplability of educational materials to left-handed students will be explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with left­hand orientation in the context of basic science education. The findings of this research aim to conlribute valuable information to educational policymakers.