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This study evaluated the effects of organic (poultry manure) and inorganic (NPK 15:15:15) fertilizers on thegrowth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) atthe Biological Garden, Department f Biological Sciences, Federal University Gusau. A randomized design with three replications was used, comparing organic (3 kg/plot), inorganic (3 kg/plot), and a control (no fertilizer). Results after 4 weeks showed inorganic fertilizer produced he tallest plants (13.33 cm), while lorganic\fertilizer led in leaves (10.33), nodes (6.33), and branches (1.33). By 6 weeks, inorgdnic ferti|jizer maintained superior plant height (28,00 cm), but organic fertilizer outperformed in aves 67), nodes (26.67), branches (3.00), flowers (5.76), and fruit production (1.00), wher or elded none. At 8 weeks, inorganic fertilizer again produced the tallest plants (54.33 cm), but organic fertilizer excelled in leaves (63.33), nodes (10,00), branches (10.00), flowers (15.00), fruit count (10.33), and fruit weight (52.54 g), significantly surpassing inorganic (44,06 g) and control (31.63 g). The study concluded that organic fertilizer enhances vegetative and reproductive growth, while inorganic fertilizer promotes rapid initial height. Organic fertilizer is recommended for sustainable tomato cultivation due to its long term benefits for soil health and yield. Farmers should prioritize poultry manure, supplemented by targeted inorganic use, to balance growth and sustainability,

This study examines the effects of varying pollution levels on the aquatic ecosystem of the Kwalkwalawa River in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Pollution, a critical environmental challenge, adversely impacts water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality. The research assesses the physico-chemical parameters of water, including temperature, turbidity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, alongside the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of ecological health. Findings reveal significant variations in pollution levels between sampling sites, with differences in water clarity, biochemical oxygen content, and the distribution of sensitive and tolerant species. The study also revealed that the river supports diverse aquatic life, the prevalence of pollution-tolerant species and the measured physico-chemical parameters indicate declining water quality. The dominance of pollution-tolerant species such as tilapia and lunged snails suggests moderate ecological stress. Conversely, the reduced presence of pollutant-sensitive species such as mayfly nymphs highlights areas of concern regarding habitat quality and biodiversity loss. The study underscores the urgent need for robust conservation strategies to mitigate pollution and restore aquatic habitats. Recommendations include implementing strict pollution controls, routine monitoring of water quality, and community-driven conservation initiatives. This research provides a framework for understanding pollution's impacts on aquatic ecosystems and emphasizes sustainable management practices for biodiversity preservation.

This project aims to design and simulate a wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) for Federal<br> University Teaching Hospital Lafia (FUTH Lafia). The proposed network will enhance<br> internet accessibility, support telemedicine services, and facilitate seamless communication<br> among hospital staff. Using network simulation tools, this project will optimize LAN design<br> parameters, ensuring reliable and efficient network performance. The expected outcome is a<br> scalable and secure LAN infrastructure that supports the hospital&#39;s clinical, administrative,<br> resource sharing and research needs. Key components, such as Fiber optics, routers, switches,<br> Radios and cabling (e.g., Ethernet cables), are evaluated for their compatibility and<br> performance. The implementation phase focuses on configuring the network devices, setting<br> up IP addressing schemes (e.g., DHCP vs. static IP), and ensuring proper connectivity through<br> structured cabling. Network protocols, including TCP/IP, are configured to enable seamless<br> data transmission. This project aims to design and simulate a wireless Local Area Network<br> (WLAN) for Federal University Teaching Hospital Lafia (FUTH Lafia). The proposed<br> network will enhance internet accessibility, support telemedicine services, and facilitate<br> seamless communication among hospital staff. Using network simulation tools, this project<br> will optimize LAN design parameters, ensuring reliable and efficient network performance.<br> The expected outcome is a scalable and secure LAN infrastructure that supports the hospital&#39;s<br> clinical, administrative, resource sharing and research needs. Key components, such as Fiber<br> optics, routers, switches, Radios and cabling (e.g., Ethernet cables), are evaluated for their<br> compatibility and performance.

This study examines the relationship between religion and environmental ethics in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Using qualitative research methods involving interviews, journals, books, and articles, the research explores how the traditional religious beliefs and practices of the Orhionmwon people shape their environmental attitudes and promote sustainable practices. The study reveals a significant correlation between Orhionmwon religious worldviews and environmental conservation, demonstrating that indigenous spiritual frameworks emphasize the sacredness of nature, interconnectedness of all beings, and moral obligations toward environmental preservation. Key findings indicate that traditional practices including sacred groves, cultural taboos, ancestral veneration, and rituals serve as effective mechanisms for biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management. The research establishes both similarities and differences between Orhionmwon religious environmental ethics and contemporary environmental philosophy, highlighting their complementary roles in promoting ecological sustainability. This study contributes to understanding how indigenous African religious traditions can inform modern environmental conservation strategies and advocates for integrating traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary environmental management approaches.

Risk management issues in the banking sector do not only have greater impact on bank <br> performance but also on national economic growth and general business development <br> the banks motivation for risk management comes from those risk which can lead to <br> underperformance. This study focuses on the association of risk management practice <br> and bank financial performance in Nigeria. Secondary data source was based on a 4 <br> years progressive annual reports and financial statement of 10 banks and a panel data <br> estimation techniques adopted. The result implies and inverse relationship between <br> financial performance of bank and doubt loans,and capital asset ratio was found to be <br> positive and significant. Similarly, it suggest the higher the managed find by banks the <br> higher the performance. The study concludes a significant relationship between banks <br> performance and risk management, hence the need for banks to practice prudent risk <br> management in order to protect the interests of investors.

ABSTRACT<br> Carbohydrates areanessentialsourceofenergyforthebodytoperformitsnormalfunctions. Havingadietthatdoesnotcontaincarbohydratecanleadtomusclebreakdown,ketosisanddehydration.This canbepreventedbytaking50to100gramsofcarbohydrateperday.Inthepresentwork,quantitative estimationoftotalcarbohydratepresentindifferentdryfruits was done using phenol sulfuricacidmethod.This isasimpleandrapidcolorimetricmethodtodeterminetotalcarbohydrate inasample.Concentratedsulfuric acidbreaksdownallthepolysaccharides,oligosaccharidesanddisaccharidestomonosaccharide.Therefore thismethoddeterminestotalsugarpresentinasample. Fromtheobtainedresultsthecarbohydratecontent,bothin the water melon, orange and guavafruitsandthepretreatedOrangehada highercontent(0.0717 /34%), followed by Watermelon (0.0425/20%), and Guava which is recorded 0.02140/10% (mg/l). Similarly all samples were found acceptable for human’s consumption from microbial point of view and fall in the range of WHO standards absorption. This research finding provides useful information for preparation and implementation in national policies and for updating Nigeria food act and regulations to improve the quality of foods and drinks in Nigeria thus improving the health condition of the community.<br>  

The study comprises a panel of 10food and beverages firms listed on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) Data for the study was collected from secondary sources being the annual reports of the 4 listed food and beverages firms from years (2019-2023)used as a +sample from this study. The research analyzed the data generated using regression analysis. The research findings revealed that human resource development plays a key role in achieving organizational growth and without this resource no tangible growth can be observed in any organization. The finding also shows that human resource training is vital in any given organization in order to enhance the performance of the organization which will lead to growth. The study recommends that Human resource training in any organization should be well planned in order to ensure effective training and performance of the individual in contributing to the growth of the organization. Also that human resource should never be neglected in an organization.

Abstract<br> This study investigated the role of digital technology in teaching Biology in senior secondary schools within the Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Despite the global shift toward digital education, traditional teaching methods still dominate many Nigerian classrooms, often failing to engage students in complex biological concepts. The research employed a descriptive survey design, utilizing a multistage sampling technique to select 120 respondents (100 students and 20 teachers) from 10 secondary schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS.<br> <br> The findings revealed a significant deficit in digital infrastructure; while laptops and projectors were present in approximately 50% of schools, internet access and interactive whiteboards remained scarce. Furthermore, although most teachers (65%) use digital tools only occasionally, there is a strong consensus that such technology enhances student comprehension and academic performance. Key barriers identified include inadequate funding, unreliable power supply, and a lack of formal teacher training in educational technology. The study concludes that while digital tools are highly effective for visualizing abstract biological processes, their integration in Zaria LGA remains low to moderate. Recommendations include increased government investment in school infrastructure, consistent technical support, and mandatory digital literacy training for Biology educators to bridge the existing technological gap and improve science education outcomes.