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Carrots (Daucuscarota) are nutrient-dense vegetables highly valued for their rich composition of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, particularly beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A and a powerful antioxidant. Carrot-based jams serve as an innovative way to deliver these nutrients in a flavourful and convenient form. The study aimed determining the nutritive value and acceptability of carrot-based jams prepared using sugar and jaggery. 500 grams of grated carrots were set aside as the primary ingredient. Homemade lemon pulp pectin was created by cooking lemon pulp with 1/4 cup of water until it thickened. In a heavy-bottomed pan, 250 grams of jaggery were combined with the prepared lemon pulp pectin. The mixture was heated on low heat and stirred continuously until the jaggery fully melted and mixed with the pectin, forming a smooth syrup. Proximate analysis revealed that the jaggery-based jam had significant higher as (1.97 ± 0.45%), crude fibre (2.47 ± 0.65%), and protein content (1.20 ± 0.30%) compared to sugar based and standard jams, magnesium and superior nutritional value. Mineral analysis showed elevated levels of iron, magnesium and zinc in the jaggery based jam, affirming its potential as a mineral-rich food product. Vitamin content analysis also highlighted a significant increase in vitamin A (450.00 ± 180.28 ug/dl) and vitamin E (2.23 ± 0.67mg/dl) in the jaggery-based sample. Although sensory evaluation revealed no significant difference in sweetness and flavour across samples, the jaggery-based jam scored lower in appearance, texture and overall acceptability, likely due to its darker colour and firmer consistency. These findings suggest that while jaggery enhances the nutritional profile of carrot jam, further formulation adjustment are necessary to improve its sensory appeal and consumer acceptance.

For ages, Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of diseases, such as inflammation, diabetes, and malaria. The plant exhibited potential antibacterial and analgesic properties. In this study, methanol extract of Picralima nitida stem bark was evaluated using standard methods for it’s phytochemical screening, haematological effects, and histological analysis. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates flavonoids, reducing sugars, and terpenoids were found in the samples. For the Haematological studies, the result on the effects of methanol stem bark of P. nitida extract on the red blood cell and it's components revealed significant impact on the following red blood cell characteristics including hamacrite (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB) and red blood cell (RBC) of administered (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg) doses when compared with the control group. This shows that picralima nitida stem bark methanol extract can increase the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and hence, it is possible that picralima nitida stem bark methanol extract will be effective in treating certain diseases like anaemia.All the mice that received the plant extracts experience an increase in WBC counts, white blood cells are involved in battling illness and the extracts may stimulate their production. The result on the white blood cell demonstrates that the picralima nitida extract significantly affected the white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), and granulocyte (GR) counts. Data compiled herein indicate that this plant can be a source of herbal drug to combat or fight against infections.

Samples from well and tank water from different areas in Iree town were analysed. The physical parameters of the well water as well as the tank water were conducted and were observed that both the well and the tank water met the standard according to the world health organization. Also, the samples were analysed for the total bacterial count using standard biological method of spread plate and sub culturing method and the examination of coliform was done at the same time. The total bacterial count range from 1.1 - 4.0 ×103 cfu/ml for all the samples (both well and tank water samples). The most probable number of coliform in the water samples ranges 3 - 11/100ml. Where well water sumple from Eyinade has the highest number of coliform, and lowest number of coliform recorded from Yakoyo well water sumple and Ladoja I and ii tank water as well (G/100ml). Igua well water and okeeleye tank water have 90/100ml. The bacteria identified through colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristic includes: Shigella spp. Protes spp. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. The above result showed that the well and tank water samples analysed were not fit for consumption, which means the water sources need to be treated so that people making use of them will be safe from water bore diseases and

ABSTRACT The primary goal of this research study is to assess the availability and adequacy of audio-visual resources in the teaching and learning of biology in secondary school in Oriade Local Government Area of Osun State. The research design used for the study was a descriptive designs of a survey type which allows the description of the participant of this research in an accurate way, and enables information to be obtained from a representative sample of the population. The sample size for the study consists of one hundred (100) students randomly drawn from five (5) schools in Oriade Local Government Area of Osun State. The instrument for the collection of data was a self-designed questionnaire. The instrument has face and content validity. The data collected were analyzed and interpreted using frequency counts and simple percentage. The study revealed that that Secondary schools use various audio-visual resources for biology teaching, including video lessons, PowerPoint slides, virtual field trips with VR and AR, visual representations of biological concepts, and online resources. Resources should align with biology standards, cater to diverse learning styles, promote active learning through hands-on experiments and simulations, encourage critical thinking with real-world applications, and accommodate varying skill levels among students. Many schools face challenges in effectively utilizing audio-visual resources due to a lack of necessary equipment, limited budgets for technology and high-quality materials, insufficient training for educators, the time-consuming nature of preparing these aids, and difficulties in integrating them into lesson plans. Based on the findings of this research work, it was recommended that appropriate use of audiovisual aids is a skill; therefore teachers should be trained in use of traditional as well as new technology based audiovisual aids through pre-service as well as in-service teachers’ professional development programmes. Teachers should be encouraged to use audiovisual aids from the very early stages of learning in order to enhance the interest and motivation of students and keep them attentive in class. Curriculum planners and policy makers should introduce early use of audiovisual aids in the curriculum so as to familiarize the students with the technology so as to prevent over excitements when they are exposed to it for the first time at a later stage thereby causing distractions to the students. State and Federal governments should equip all schools with necessary audiovisual instructional materials for teaching and learning. The government and secondary school management authorities should make adequate provision for funds to enable secondary schools acquire AV resources and effectively utilize them for teaching and learning. The students should be frequently tutored on the use of Audio-Visual resources as easier way of learning. This will ensure the application of proper caution in handling the AV resources by the students as well as embracing them in enhancing their teaching and learning processes. Secondary school authorities should make effort in ensuring that these teachers are trained and re-trained on the use of AV resources for teaching and learning. The government should ensure the provision of standby generators or solar panels as alternatives to the frequent power failures often experienced in the nation.

ABSTRACT The study the Impact of Colour in Newspaper Publication in Nigeria, (A study of the Punch newspaper). Colour is one of the most powerful tools available to graphic communicators second only to words. It is obvious that the use of different colours place a very prominent role in newspaper/magazine and the world of print in general. Colour helps to draw the attention of the readers to some important stories apart from its potential to add aesthetic quality to the magazine pages. For the purpose of this work the researcher employed the use of survey method and one hundred and twenty respondents (120) were drawn alongside the use of questionnaire to elicit data from the selected respondents while out 120 administered questionnaires one hundred (100) were returned upon which the analysis was based. Limitation for this research work is financial constraint, time constraint and respondents attitude. It recommends that print media should always use only colour that can blend with the photo and text and denote the content of the message in the newspaper. Newspaper /Magazine page planner and designer should learning better colour combination to add aesthetic value to the pages. Keywords: color, Newspaper, Publication.

<p>ABSTRACT CIPN, a painful side effect of paclitaxel chemotherapy, currently lacks effective treatment options. While earlier studies suggest that rosemary oil has antioxidant and analgesic properties, its application forChemotherapy induced pheripheral neuropathy in rodents is still understudied. This particular research project focused on testing if rosemary oil assists in alleviating pain and improving nerve protection in fruit flies subjected to paclitaxel treatment. Initially, we induced pain in flies with paclitaxel, and then treated a subset of them with rosemary oil. We assessed the levels of touch-induced pain and measured their antioxidant activity. Assessment of pain scored by sensitive touch prompted scoring 6.7 for treatment and 9.2 for control which suggests that, while effectiveness was achieved, further confirmation is needed as p=0.08 still hints that results may be due to random chance. The garlic data is still undergoing analysis. Even if these results tend to lack finality, the potential evidence suggests that holistic treatment through rosemary oil does present a positive opportunity in pain relief brought by paclitaxel. Using fruit flies allowed ease in conducting these preliminary trials, but verification through expanded sample size and thorough analysis of antioxidant levels is essential.</p>

ABSTRACT This project work examined the "Impact of Social Responsibility on the Corporate Image of an Organization", , a case study of International Breweries Ple, llesa. The objective of the study is to examine the involvement in corporate social responsibility breeds cordial relationship between organization and members of the community. The study was carried out using primary and secondary data. Data were collected through a field survey using a questionnaire from staffers of the organization and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). It was observed from the findings using the P-value of Asymptotical Significant at 0.05 level of significance the values are 0.004 which is less than 0.05. Hi is accepted and conclude that Corporate Social Responsibility has significant impact on corporate image of an organization. Il was recommended that the company should always adapt to the pressures of their outside environment. Instead of ignoring call for greater social responsibility management should deal with them in the same manner and resourceful ways that would apply to more technical and economic aspects of their organization. This would in a bigger chance enhance the goodwill and the image of the company in the communities and Nigeria in general. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image, Customer Satisfaction

Castor seed oil, derived from Ricinus communis, is a versatile vegetable oil known for its high ricinoleic acid content, which makes it valuable in pharmaceutical, industrial, and cosmetic applications. This study explores the mineral composition of castor seed oil, focusing on elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). The analysis was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to determine the concentration of these minerals and their potential impact on the oil’s stability, therapeutic efficacy, and industrial applications. The results indicate that castor seed oil contains trace amounts of Fe 1.06 ± 0.04 mg/100g, Zn 2.28 ± 0.02 mg/100g, and Cu 0.20 ± 0.02 mg/100g, while Cd was not detected. These findings suggest that the oil maintains high purity and meets safety standards for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. The presence of Zn and Cu enhances the oil's antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, while the low Fe content contributes to its oxidative stability, making it suitable for prolonged storage. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential applications of castor seed oil in biofuel production, industrial lubricants, and biodegradable materials, demonstrating its economic and environmental significance.