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Costume design, is an intricate part storytelling in fims; in areas such as character interpretation and representation, portrayal and aesthetics. Various studies have shown this and many more. It is also a form of visual art, one that appeals to the eyes and minds of the audience, as it simultaenously, aids the process of storytelling, even without dialogue. The aestheic prowes of costumes in film making cannot be overflogged, whereas, novel studies keep evolving. This research, delves into traditional representation of the yoruba culture using costuming in two indigenous yoruba movies as focal points; Kunle Afolayan’s Anikulapo and Biyi Bandele’s Elesin Oba. This study further creates an exposition into how the yoruba culture is represented and portrayed using their costumes not just aesthetically, but rather symbolically and narratively. Thereby bringing to relevance the culture, and propelling the ideas of costume in movies as beyond functional. Deploying the use of qualitative methodology in research, indepth analysis of the costume used in the selected films was carried out, interviews and review of relevant literatures that are in tandem with the study, aslo served as secondary source. Finally this study reflects the potential of costuming as being capable of not only beautifying, but also project cultural authenticity, narrative functionality and cultural impact, when it is properly carried out.

Sildenafil citrate, commonly known as Viagra, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction. It is the first-line oral treatment for erectile dysfunction with well-proven efficacy in depressed patients, including those in whom erectile dysfunction developed secondary to antidepressant drug therapy. Spinal cord is a continuation of the brainstem and anatomically begins at the occipital bone, passing out of the foramen magnum and then enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae which extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, where it tapers to become the caudal equina. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of viagra on the spinal cord. A total of thirty (30) wistar rats obtained from animal House of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, used for this study. The rats were divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats in each group. Tests on body weight gain, antioxidant parameters was conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in body weight gain of all treated rats compared to control. Also there was a significant increase in antioxidants parameters except MDA level. Histological findings showed a normal structure of the spinal cord in the control groups (Aand B). However there was degenerative changes in the sections of rats in the experimental test group (D, E and F) except group C. In conclusion, this study shows that Viagra is harmful to the spinal cord. In general, Viagra still needs more studies to detect its harmful effects on other aspects of human and animal health.

ABSTRACT This study examined Liquidity Management and Profitability of Deposit Money Banks: Empirical evidence from Wema Bank Plc. The objective of the study was to examine the significant effect of liquidity management on profitability of Wema Bank plc. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. A survey and expost facto designs were adopted for the study. A sample of 20 questionnaire were chosen using Taro Yamanes techniques. Judgment sampling techniques was adopted in the study. The hypotheses weretested using regression analysis, simple percentages and frequency tables were adopted in the study. Findings indicated that, there is a significant effects between liquidity management and profitability of Wema Bank Plc. It was concluded that liquidity management has a significanteffect on profitability of Wema Bank Plc.. It was recommended among others that banks should improve their short term solvency position in order to meet their funding and lending risk.

ABSTRACT Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and absorption by colonocytes of past studies have been well documented Butyrate is well-known for its immune-modulatory properties. Studies until now only focused on the in vitro effects of butyrate or assessed local effects in the gut upon butyrate administration. In this trial, we studied the systemic anti-inflammatory effects induced by butyrate supplementation in testosterone exposed Wistar rats. Therefore, oral butyrate administration may be beneficial in reducing the overall inflammatory status of circulating peripheral blood and immunological mediators in gestational testosterone exposed rats. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of co-administration of butyrate in gestational testosterone exposed female Wistar rat. A female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental group (n=5) and treated as following: groups A, B and C were the control, testosterone treated group and the testosterone ad butyrate group respectively. All administration were done orally. Rats were then anesthesized using ketamine, blood, samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters (blood viscosity and immunological mediators). The result of this study showed an increase in platelet count, mean plasma volume, platelet crit, white blood cells and a decrease in platelet lymphocytes and no significant changes in white blood cell (lymphocytes) of all v testosterone treated groups. In testosterone ad butyrate only group there was a decrease in platelet count, platelet crit, white blood cell and an increase in mean plasma volume, platelet lymphocyte and white blood cell lymphocytes. The decrease and increase were all found to be significant.

Layingapipingsystemisacriticalaspectofinfrastructuredevelopmentinvariousindustries,includingwater,gas,oil,andwastewatermanagement.Theprocessinvolvesthedesign,installation,andtestingofanetworkofpipesintendedtotransportfluidsorgasesfromone locationtoanother.Thispaperoutlinesthefundamentalstepsandconsiderationsinlayingan efficientandreliablepipingsystem.Keyfactorssuchasmaterialselection,pipesizing,route planning,soilconditions,andsafetyprotocolsarediscussedtoensurethesystem'sfunctionality,durability,andcompliancewithindustrystandards.Additionally,theinstallationprocess requiresproperwelding,joining,andsealingtechniques,alongwiththoroughinspectionand pressuretestingtodetectpotentialleaksorweaknesses.Thepaperalsoaddressesthe maintenanceofpipingsystemstoprolongtheirservicelifeandpreventoperationalfailures.Properlyexecuted,thelayingofapipingsystemensuressafeanduninterruptedflow,contributingtotheoperationalsuccessofindustrialandmunicipalinfrastructureprojects.Key componentsincludepipes,valves,pumps,joints,andsupports,allofwhichmustbeselectedand installedtoensureoptimalperformance,reliability,andsafety.Effectivepipingsystemdesign involvesadherencetoengineeringstandardsandcodes,aswellasongoingmaintenanceand monitoringtopreventleaks,failures,andinefficiencies.Theefficiency,durability,and functionalityofapipingsystemarecriticaltothesmoothoperationofindustrialprocessesand thesafetransportoffluids.

ABTRACT This study investigated the effects of Chromolaena odorata (Akintola) and Citrus sinensis (orange) leaf extracts applied to rice husk and maize cob on the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil and the growth performance of maize (Zea mays L.). A total of 60 plots were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design, and treatments were applied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations. The results showed that the combination of Chromolaena odorata extract with maize cob at 20% significantly improved soil bulk density (1.88 g/cm³), indicating enhanced soil structure and reduced compaction.In contrast, the combination of Orange Leaf + Maize Cob at 5% showed the least improvement in bulk density (1.057 g/cm³), indicating a relatively weak effect on soil structure. Similarly, porosity was most enhanced by Chromolaena odorata + Maize Cob at 20% (53.8%), while the lowest improvement was recorded under Orange Leaf + Rice Husk at 5% (34.0%). For hydraulic conductivity, the highest value was observed in Orange Leaf + Rice Husk at 10% (1.521 cm/sec), whereas the lowest was found in Chromolaena odorata + Maize Cob at 15% (0.842 cm/sec). On chemical properties, the highest nitrogen content was recorded in Chromolaena odorata + Rice Husk at 15% (5.29%), while the same treatment at 20% dropped to a lower value (0.42%), suggesting potential inconsistencies at higher concentrations. Organic carbon content peaked under the same treatment at 15% (2.83%). These results demonstrate that both the type of extract and the amendment level significantly influenced the outcomes. The study concludes that Chromolaena odorata and orange leaf extracts, particularly when combined with maize cob or rice husk at 15–20%, can significantly improve soil fertility and maize growth. However, lower concentrations, especially with orange leaf extract, had limited effects on key soil parameters. The study recommends further research into the optimal combinations and application levels of organic residues and leaf extracts to support sustainable agricultural practices.

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Impact of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ardo-Kola Local Government Area of Taraba State. The study had two objectives to determine the impact of parental payment of school fees on students’ academic performance in secondary school of Ardo Kola LGA, Taraba State and to determine the impact of parental payment of learning materials on students’ academic performance in Secondary school of Ardo Kola LGA, Taraba State. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of 143 public secondary school teachers in Ardo-Kola LGA of Taraba state (Taraba State Post Primary Management Board TSPPMB, 2022). Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaire developed by the researcher titled: Parental Involvement Questionnaires (PIQ). Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to analyses the data. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between payment of school fees and academic performance and the provision of study materials by parents ensures student academic performance is significantly improved. It was recommended among others that parents should check students’ books on regular basis by helping the children solve their assignments

This study examined the impact of tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the impact of stamp duty on economic growth in Nigeria, determined the impact of capital gains tax on economic growth in Nigeria and evaluated the impact of education tax on economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopts expo-facto research design. Ex post facto is considered appropriate for the study because the study aimed at obtaining important information on the status of specific phenomenon after some naturally occurring treatment without any manipulation of the situation. This study used secondary source of data and it was be gathered from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBN, 2019) and Federal Internal Revenue Services. The data comprises annual time series spanning from 2010 through 2019. The research employs only quantitative method of data analysis. Unit root, ARDL to test for the hypotheses .The tested hypotheses revealed revealed that STD,CGT and EDT has a positive but insignificant long run effect on economic growth of Nigeria for the period covered to the tune of .168510, 0.14777 and 0.119550 (p=0.8715, 0.9476,0.9222>0.05). It was recommended that Ekiti State government should review the taxation system in Nigeria to ensure transparency in the operations of tax authorities.